Metal straightening machine are heavy machines used for reducing the curves and distortions of different types of metal products like wire rod, round bar, sheet, bars, h-beams, rolled beams, and more. These machines are used in various metal processing industries all over the world. These machines are designed to straighten metal products that otherwise would be difficult to straighten manually or by other means. They are very important machines for the metal industry and help in eliminating a lot of flaws like residual stress, up and down bending, side bending, twisting, torsion, and others.
The most common type of straightening machine is a roll-type straightener. These machines use a set of work rollers to bend the material in alternating directions and compress it to its yield point. This process also reduces internal stresses and homogenizes those that cannot be eliminated. They are available in a variety of sizes and configurations. They can be used for different types of metal materials and can even be customized for specific applications.
There are many factors that go into the design of a straightening machine. These include the maximum width of the material that the straightener can handle, the amount of pressure applied by the rollers, and the type of material being processed. The work rollers themselves are a crucial component of the machine and must be properly calibrated in order to achieve the desired straightness of the product. This is done using a calibrated scale and pointer or other more precise methods of measuring.
A typical straightening machine consists of two or three large work rollers that are adjusted to rotate in the same direction. These are surrounded by several smaller back-up rollers that are placed in front of and behind the main rollers. The purpose of the back-up rollers is to prevent excessive deflection of the main rollers. This excessive deflection can cause the work rollers to lose contact with the coiled metal and lead to a loss of straightening efficiency.
Moreover, the back-up rollers can also be used to provide additional pressure to the main rollers. This can be especially useful if the straightening machine is being used to correct the geometry of a profile shape. This can be difficult to do with a standard straightening machine, which uses only one pair of work rolls. The additional pressure from the back-up rollers can give the main rollers enough force to overcome their elastic limit and achieve a straighter product.
A good quality straightening machine will have a high number of correction planes that are adapted to the profile shapes that will be processed. This will ensure optimum straightening quality and eliminate all kinds of defects, such as gnawing, elongation, torsion, and correction markings. It will also be able to achieve lower straightness and ovality tolerances compared to those achieved by conventional rolling. This is especially important for profile shapes that require a lot of elongation, such as copper tube. In these cases, it is very important to apply a large bending moment to the first pair of deflecting rolls and lessen it with each successive pair.